# Energy dataset ## About this dataset Our World in Data's complete energy dataset: one wide table with, for each country and year, total energy supply and the energy mix (by source, in energy units, per capita, as shares and as annual changes), the electricity mix (generation by source, demand, trade, emissions and carbon intensity), and fossil fuel production. Population and GDP are included so that per capita and per GDP indicators can be recomputed. It is compiled from the Energy Institute's [Statistical Review of World Energy](https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review/), [Ember's electricity data](https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/), the [U.S. Energy Information Administration](https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world) and several historical reconstructions, with population from [Our World in Data's population dataset](https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources) and GDP from the [Maddison Project Database](https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/). Regions follow [Our World in Data's definitions](https://ourworldindata.org/world-region-map-definitions). Regions as defined by the original sources are also included, with the source in brackets: for example, "Europe (EI)" is Europe as defined by the [Energy Institute](https://ourworldindata.org/world-region-map-definitions#energy-institute-ei), and "Europe (Ember)" as defined by [Ember](https://ourworldindata.org/world-region-map-definitions#ember). Energy is now measured as total energy supply, in line with the methodology adopted by our sources. Previous releases of this dataset used the substitution method, so figures from the two releases are not directly comparable. [Read more about this change in how we measure primary energy](https://ourworldindata.org/primary-energy-measurement-change). The previous release remains available in the [energy-data GitHub repository](https://github.com/owid/energy-data). ## Data ### Energy dataset Table: `owid_energy` One row per country (or region) and year, with every indicator as a column. 19,494 rows × 130 columns. #### How to cite this data Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) and other sources – with major processing by Our World in Data. #### Indicators ##### Country Country or region. Column: `country` Date range: 1700–2025 Sources: Our World in Data – Regions (2023) ##### Year Year of observation. Column: `year` Date range: 1700–2025 Sources: Our World in Data – Regions (2023) ##### ISO code ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 three-letter country code. Empty for regions and other aggregates. Column: `iso_code` Date range: 1700–2025 Sources: International Organization for Standardization – ISO 3166 Country Codes (2023) ##### Population Population of the country or region. Column: `population` Unit: people Date range: 1700–2025 Sources: Population based on various sources (2024) ##### Gross domestic product (GDP) Total real gross domestic product, adjusted for inflation and differences in the cost of living between countries. Column: `gdp` Unit: international-$ in 2011 prices ($) Date range: 1700–2022 Sources: Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 ###### What you should know about this indicator - The Maddison Project Database is based on the work of many researchers who have produced estimates of economic growth and population for individual countries. The full list of sources for this historical data is given in [the original dataset](https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302). - Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the total value added from the production of goods and services in a country or region each year. - This indicator provides information on economic growth and income levels in the _very long run_. Some country estimates are available as far back as 1 CE, and regional estimates as far back as 1820 CE. - This data is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries. - This data is expressed in international-$ at 2011 prices, using a combination of 2011 and 1990 PPPs for historical data. - Time series for former countries and territories are calculated forward by estimating values based on their last official borders. - For more regularly updated estimates of GDP per capita since 1990, see the [World Bank's indicator](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-worldbank). ##### Electricity generation from bioenergy per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `bioenergy_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by bioenergy Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `bioenergy_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from bioenergy Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `bioenergy_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023) ##### Annual change in biofuels (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `biofuels_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. ##### Annual change in biofuels Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `biofuels_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. ##### Biofuels per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `biofuels_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. ##### Biofuels as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `biofuels_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Biofuels Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `biofuels_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. ##### Electricity generation from coal per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `coal_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by coal Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `coal_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from coal Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `coal_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in coal (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `coal_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. ##### Annual change in coal Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `coal_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. ##### Coal per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `coal_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. ##### Coal as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `coal_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Coal Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `coal_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data. ##### Annual change in coal production (%) Percentage change in coal production relative to the previous year. Column: `coal_production_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1701–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Includes coal produced for Coal-to-Liquids and Coal-to-Gas transformations. ##### Annual change in coal production Change in coal production relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `coal_production_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1701–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020) ##### Coal production per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `coal_production_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1700–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020); Population based on various sources (2024) ##### Coal production Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `coal_production_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1700–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020) ##### Lifecycle carbon intensity of electricity generation Greenhouse gases emitted per unit of generated electricity, measured in grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour. Column: `electricity_carbon_intensity_gco2eq_per_kwh` Unit: grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour (gCO₂) Date range: 1990–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026) ##### Total electricity demand per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `electricity_demand_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1990–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Electricity demand Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `electricity_demand_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1990–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026) ##### Lifecycle emissions from electricity generation Measured in megatonnes of CO₂ equivalents. Column: `electricity_emissions_mtco2eq` Unit: million tonnes CO₂ equivalents (Mt) Date range: 2000–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026) ##### Total electricity generation per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `electricity_generation_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Total electricity generation Total electricity generated in each country or region, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `electricity_generation_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Net electricity imports as a share of demand Electricity imports minus exports, measured as a percentage of total electricity demand in the country or region. Column: `electricity_net_imports_share_of_demand_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1990–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy of the UK – UK's historical electricity data (2023) ##### Net electricity imports Electricity imports minus exports, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `electricity_net_imports_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1920–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy of the UK – UK's historical electricity data (2023) ##### Electricity generation as a share of primary energy Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `electricity_share_of_total_energy_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1965–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from fossil fuels per person Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `fossil_fuels_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by fossil fuels Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `fossil_fuels_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from fossil fuels Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `fossil_fuels_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in fossil fuels (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `fossil_fuels_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ##### Annual change in fossil fuels Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `fossil_fuels_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ##### Fossil fuels per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `fossil_fuels_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ##### Fossil fuels as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `fossil_fuels_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Fossil fuels Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `fossil_fuels_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ##### Electricity generation from gas per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `gas_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by gas Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `gas_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from gas Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `gas_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in gas (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `gas_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. ##### Annual change in gas Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `gas_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. ##### Gas per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `gas_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. ##### Gas as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `gas_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Gas Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `gas_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data. ##### Annual change in gas production (%) Percentage change in gas production relative to the previous year. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation. Column: `gas_production_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1901–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation. ##### Annual change in gas production Change in gas production relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation. Column: `gas_production_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1901–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Gas production per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation. Column: `gas_production_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Population based on various sources (2024) ##### Gas production Measured in terawatt-hours. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation. Column: `gas_production_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Electricity generation from hydropower per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `hydro_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by hydropower Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `hydro_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from hydropower Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `hydro_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in hydropower (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `hydro_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Annual change in hydropower Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `hydro_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Hydropower per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `hydro_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Hydropower as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `hydro_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Hydropower Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `hydro_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Electricity generation from low-carbon sources per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal. Column: `low_carbon_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by low-carbon sources Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal. Column: `low_carbon_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from low-carbon sources Measured in terawatt-hours. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal. Column: `low_carbon_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in low-carbon energy (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `low_carbon_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ##### Annual change in low-carbon energy Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `low_carbon_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ##### Low-carbon energy per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `low_carbon_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ##### Low-carbon energy as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `low_carbon_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Low-carbon energy Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `low_carbon_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ##### Electricity generation from nuclear power per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `nuclear_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by nuclear power Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `nuclear_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from nuclear Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `nuclear_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in nuclear (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `nuclear_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Annual change in nuclear Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `nuclear_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Nuclear per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `nuclear_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Nuclear as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `nuclear_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Nuclear Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `nuclear_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Electricity generation from oil per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `oil_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by oil Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `oil_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from oil Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `oil_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in oil (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `oil_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. ##### Annual change in oil Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `oil_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. ##### Oil per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `oil_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. ##### Oil as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `oil_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Oil Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `oil_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data. ##### Annual change in oil production (%) Percentage change in oil production relative to the previous year. Column: `oil_production_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1901–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, condensates (lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining) and NGLs (natural gas liquids - ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the production of natural gas). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biofuels and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. This also excludes liquid fuel adjustment factors such as refinery processing gain. Excludes oil shales/kerogen extracted in solid form. ##### Annual change in oil production Change in oil production relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `oil_production_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1901–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Oil production per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Includes crude oil, condensates, natural gas liquids, and other liquid fuels. Column: `oil_production_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Population based on various sources (2024) ##### Oil production Measured in terawatt-hours. Includes crude oil, condensates, natural gas liquids, and other liquid fuels. Column: `oil_production_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Electricity generation from other renewables, excluding bioenergy, per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `other_renewables_excluding_bioenergy_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by other renewables, excluding bioenergy Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `other_renewables_excluding_bioenergy_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from other renewables, excluding bioenergy Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `other_renewables_excluding_bioenergy_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ##### Electricity generation from other renewables, including bioenergy, per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by other renewables, including bioenergy Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from other renewables, including bioenergy Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023) ##### Annual change in other renewables (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Annual change in other renewables Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Other renewables per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Other renewables as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Other renewables Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `other_renewables_including_bioenergy_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Electricity generation from renewables per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `renewables_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by renewables Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `renewables_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from renewables Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `renewables_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Annual change in renewables (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `renewables_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ##### Annual change in renewables Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `renewables_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ##### Renewables per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `renewables_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ##### Renewables as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `renewables_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Renewables Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `renewables_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ##### Electricity generation from solar power per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `solar_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by solar power Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `solar_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from solar power Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `solar_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023) ##### Annual change in solar (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `solar_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1984–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Annual change in solar Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `solar_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Solar per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `solar_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Solar as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `solar_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Solar Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `solar_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Annual change in total energy supply (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `total_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Annual change in total energy supply Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `total_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Total energy supply per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `total_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Total energy supply per unit of GDP Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per international-$ of GDP. Column: `total_energy_per_gdp_kwh_per_dollar` Unit: kilowatt-hours per dollar (kWh) Date range: 1820–2022 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026); Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 ##### Total energy supply Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `total_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Electricity generation from wind power per person Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Column: `wind_electricity_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### What you should know about this indicator Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on [various sources](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population). ##### Share of electricity generated by wind power Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Column: `wind_electricity_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023); Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) ##### Electricity generation from wind power Measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `wind_electricity_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1900–2025 Sources: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026); Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026); Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023) ##### Annual change in wind (%) Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year. Column: `wind_energy_annual_change_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1979–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Annual change in wind Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Column: `wind_energy_annual_change_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1966–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Wind per capita Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person. Column: `wind_energy_per_capita_kwh` Unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); Population based on various sources (2024) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. ##### Wind as a share of total energy supply Measured as a percentage of total energy supply. Column: `wind_energy_share_pct` Unit: % Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017); U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) ##### Wind Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply. Column: `wind_energy_twh` Unit: terawatt-hours (TWh) Date range: 1800–2025 Sources: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026); Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) ###### How is this data described by its producer? Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology. #### Sources ##### Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026) The Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy analyses data on world energy markets from the prior year. Producer: Energy Institute Published: 2026-06-30 Retrieved on: 2026-07-02 Retrieved from: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review/ Citation: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026). ##### Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026) This dataset contains yearly electricity generation, capacity, emissions, imports and demand data for European countries. You can find more about Ember's methodology in [this document](https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/ember_electricity_data_methodology.pdf). Producer: Ember Published: 2026-04-21 Retrieved on: 2026-04-24 Retrieved from: https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/ Download: https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/europe_yearly_full_release_long_format.csv Citation: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026). Most of the data is taken from the European Commission's Eurostat annual data. ##### Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026) This dataset contains yearly electricity generation, capacity, emissions, import and demand data for over 200 geographies. You can find more about Ember's methodology in [this document](https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/ember_electricity_data_methodology.pdf). Producer: Ember Published: 2026-04-21 Retrieved on: 2026-04-24 Retrieved from: https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/ Download: https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/yearly_full_release_long_format.csv Citation: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026). The data is collected from multi-country datasets (EIA, Eurostat, Energy Institute, UN) as well as national sources (e.g China data from the National Bureau of Statistics). ##### Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017) Producer: Smil Published: 2017-01-01 Retrieved on: 2023-12-12 Retrieved from: https://vaclavsmil.com/book/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/ Citation: Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives, 2nd edition, Appendix A, Vaclav Smil (2017). ##### Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023) Global historical electricity, from 1900 to 2017. The data was extracted from the supplementary materials of Pinto et al. (2023), "The rise and stall of world electricity efficiency:1900–2017, results and insights for the renewables transition". Producer: Pinto et al. Published: 2023-04-15 Retrieved on: 2026-02-06 Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.126775 Citation: Ricardo Pinto, Sofia T. Henriques, Paul E. Brockway, Matthew Kuperus Heun, Tânia Sousa, The rise and stall of world electricity efficiency:1900–2017, results and insights for the renewables transition, Energy, Volume 269, 2023, 126775, ISSN 0360-5442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.126775. ##### Population based on various sources (2024) Our World in Data builds and maintains a long-run dataset on population by country, region, and for the world, based on various sources. You can find more information on these sources and how our time series is constructed on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources Producer: Various sources Published: 2024-07-15 Retrieved on: 2026-03-31 Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources Citation: The long-run data on population is based on various sources, described on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources ##### Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023) Estimated annual time series of the United Kingdom's electricity generation capacity and electricity generation by fuel, from 1920 to 2020, published as a special feature article of DESNZ's Energy Trends (June 2023). Generation by fuel was not reported in the UK's official energy statistics (DUKES) before 1996. For earlier years, DESNZ estimated it from the historical series of electricity supplied and fuel input, using average generation efficiencies and average electricity used in generation by fuel, taken from DUKES 1996-2015. The data are experimental statistics and may be revised. Producer: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK Published: 2023-06-29 Retrieved on: 2026-09-01 Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-trends-june-2023-special-feature-article-uk-electricity-capacity-and-generation-by-fuel-between-1920-and-2020 Download: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/649c1c09b4d6ef000c039065/UK_Electricity_capacity_and_generation_by_fuel_between_1920_and_2020.xlsx Citation: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK (DESNZ) – UK Electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020. Energy Trends special feature article (2023). ##### U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026) Producer: U.S. Energy Information Administration Published: 2026-05-05 Retrieved on: 2026-05-05 Retrieved from: https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulkfiles.php Download: https://api.eia.gov/bulk/INTL.zip Citation: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – International Energy Data (2026). ##### Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991) Historical estimates of world energy production, broken down by fuel (coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydroelectricity, geothermal energy and peat) and reported in million tonnes of oil equivalent. The book covers 1800 to 1985. This snapshot is the machine-readable version released by The Shift Project through The Shift Data Portal, with the agreement of B. Etemad, which covers 1900 to 1979 for 127 countries, alongside regional and other aggregates. Producer: Etemad & Luciani Published: 1991 Retrieved on: 2026-07-07 Retrieved from: https://www.droz.org/product/9782600560078 Download: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dataforgoodfr/shiftdataportal/b69de961ce4beb010661b444b6030fc14b6b9b24/server/data/WORLD_ENERGY_HISTORY_primary_energy_prod.csv Citation: Etemad, B. and Luciani, J. (1991). World Energy Production 1800-1985 / Production mondiale d'énergie, 1800-1985. Edited by P. Bairoch and J.-C. Toutain. Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale 7. Geneva: Librairie Droz. ISBN 9782600560078. Machine-readable version published by The Shift Project (The Shift Data Portal), with the agreement of B. Etemad. ##### National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020) A historical energy data set for the United Kingdom, compiled by Roger Fouquet (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science) for the National Infrastructure Commission (NIC). It brings together long-run time series on the UK's energy consumption, energy prices and carbon dioxide emissions, spanning as far back as 1700. The long-run coal series combines historical estimates from M.W. Flinn's and R. Church's volumes of "The History of the British Coal Industry" (covering 1700-1830 and 1830-1913 respectively) with the official "Historical coal data" published by the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS), which covers 1853 to 2018. Producer: National Infrastructure Commission Published: 2020-10-02 Retrieved on: 2026-07-02 Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20250323165206/https://nic.org.uk/data/all-data/historic-energy/ Download: https://web.archive.org/web/20240812215702id_/https://nic.org.uk/app/uploads/Historical-Energy-Data-Final-Dataset.xlsx Citation: Fouquet, R. (2020). A historical energy data set for the UK. National Infrastructure Commission. Version 1, finalized on 31 March 2020, based on the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2019 with historical extension. Prepared by Roger Fouquet (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science). ##### Our World in Data – Regions (2023) Producer: Our World in Data Published: 2023-01-01 Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/world-region-map-definitions ##### Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023 The Maddison Project Database provides information on comparative economic growth and income levels over the very long run. The 2023 version of this database covers 169 countries and the period up to 2022. The new estimates are presented and discussed in Bolt and Van Zanden (2024), "Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. Producer: Bolt and van Zanden Published: 2024-04-26 Retrieved on: 2024-04-26 Retrieved from: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023 Download: https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302 Citation: - Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024), "Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618. - The Maddison Project Database builds on the efforts of many researchers who have carefully reconstructed historical data on economic growth and population for individual countries. You can find the full list of sources in [the original dataset](https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302). ##### Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy of the UK – UK's historical electricity data (2023) The historical electricity data in the United Kingdom comes from the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES), published by the UK's Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). Producer: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy of the UK Published: 2023-07-27 Retrieved on: 2023-12-12 Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/historical-electricity-data Download: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/64c104811e10bf000d17cf1e/Electricity_since_1920.xlsx Citation: The historical electricity data in the United Kingdom (2023) comes from the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES), published by the UK's Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS). ##### International Organization for Standardization – ISO 3166 Country Codes (2023) Producer: International Organization for Standardization Published: 2023-01-01 Retrieved from: https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html ### Column mapping Table: `column_mapping` Name of each column of the dataset in the release before 2026-09-10 (the owid-energy-data.csv file), to help migrate to the new names. 130 rows × 2 columns. #### Indicators ##### Column Name of the column in the current release. Column: `column` ##### Previous column Name of the column in the release before 2026-09-10. Column: `previous_column` #### Sources This table has no external sources: its columns document the dataset itself. ## Changelog - 2026-09-10: - Updated the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy. - Primary energy is now measured as total energy supply instead of using the substitution method. - Renamed all columns for consistency (see the `column_mapping` table for the previous names). - Removed regions defined by EIA and the Shift Dataportal, and "Other *" regions from the Energy Institute. - 2026-04-27: - Update Ember's yearly electricity data, after they updated their Global electricity data. - 2026-01-26: - Update Ember's yearly electricity data, after they updated their European electricity data. - Fixed a few issues in aggregate regions related to how Ember's data is combined with the Energy Institute's Statistical Review of World Energy. - 2026-01-09: - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data. - Fixed a few small issues (related to "Other *" regions coming from the Energy Institute's Statistical Review of World Energy). - 2025-11-11: - Moved dataset to different URL. - Various improvements in the codebook format. - 2025-07-17: - Updated the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy. - Updated EIA's International energy data. - 2025-05-30: - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data, which includes data for 2024. - 2024-09-05: - Added per capita electricity demand, from Ember's yearly electricity data. - 2024-08-30: - Fixed coal electricity generation for Switzerland, which was missing in the original data, and should be zero instead. - 2024-06-20: - Updated the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy. - Fixed issues on electricity data for aggregate regions. - 2024-05-08: - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data, which includes data for 2023. - Updated GDP data, now coming from Maddison Project Database 2023. - 2024-01-24: - Improved codebook, to clarify whether indicators refer to electricity generation or primary energy consumption. - Improved the calculation of the share of electricity in primary energy. Previously, electricity generation was calculated as a share of input-equivalent primary energy consumption. Now it is calculated as a share of direct primary energy consumption. - 2023-12-12: - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data and EIA's International energy data. - Enhanced codebook (improved descriptions, added units, updated sources). - Fixed various minor issues. - 2023-07-07: - Replaced BP's data by the new Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2023. - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data. - Updated all datasets accordingly. - 2023-06-01: - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data. - Renamed countries 'East Timor' and 'Faroe Islands', and added 'Middle East (Ember)'. - Population and per capita indicators are now calculated using an updated version of our population dataset. - 2023-03-01: - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data and fixed some minor issues. - 2022-12-30: - Fixed some minor issues with BP's dataset. Regions like "Other North America (BP)" have been removed from the data, since, in the original Statistical Review of World Energy, these regions represented different sets of countries for different indicators. - 2022-12-16: - The column `electricity_share_energy` (electricity as a share of primary energy) was added to the dataset. - Fixed some minor inconsistencies in electricity data between Ember and BP, by prioritizing data from Ember. - Updated Ember's yearly electricity data. - 2022-08-09: - All inconsistencies due to different definitions of regions among different datasets (especially Europe) have been fixed. - Now all regions follow [Our World in Data's definitions](https://ourworldindata.org/world-region-map-definitions). - We also include data for regions as defined in the original datasets; for example, `Europe (BP)` corresponds to Europe as defined by BP. - All data processing now occurs outside this repository; the code has been migrated to be part of the [etl repository](https://github.com/owid/etl). - Indicator `fossil_cons_per_capita` has been renamed `fossil_elec_per_capita` for consistency, since it corresponds to electricity generation. - The codebook has been updated following these changes. - 2022-04-08: - Electricity data from Ember was updated (using the Global Electricity Review 2022). - Data on greenhouse-gas emissions in electricity generation was added (`greenhouse_gas_emissions`). - Data on emissions intensity is now provided for most countries in the world. - 2022-03-25: - Data on net electricity imports and electricity demand was added. - BP data was updated (using the Statistical Review of World Energy 2021). - Maddison data on GDP was updated (using the Maddison Project Database 2020). - EIA data on primary energy consumption was included in the dataset. - Some issues in the dataset were corrected (for example some missing data in production by fossil fuels). - 2022-02-14: - Some issues were corrected in the electricity data, and the energy dataset was updated accordingly. - The json and xlsx dataset files were removed from GitHub in favor of an external storage service, to keep this repository at a reasonable size. - The `carbon_intensity_elec` column was added back into the energy dataset. - 2022-02-03: - We updated the [Ember global electricity data](https://ember-climate.org/data/global-electricity/), combined with the [European Electricity Review from Ember](https://ember-climate.org/project/european-electricity-review-2022/). - The `carbon_intensity_elec` column was removed from the energy dataset (since no updated data was available). - Columns for electricity from other renewable sources excluding bioenergy were added (namely `other_renewables_elec_per_capita_exc_biofuel`, and `other_renewables_share_elec_exc_biofuel`). - Certain countries and regions have been removed from the dataset, because we identified significant inconsistencies in the original data. - 2021-03-31: - We updated 2020 electricity mix data. - 2020-09-09: - The first version of this dataset was made available. ## How we process data Preparing this data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, and adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator. An indicator can therefore draw on more than one source, for example when we stitch together data from different periods by different producers, or when we calculate per capita measures using population data from a second source. [Read about our data pipeline](https://docs.owid.io/projects/etl/). ## License Our World in Data collects and republishes this data; it is not the original producer. The licenses of the original sources still apply; each source above links to the producer's site, where its terms are stated. It is your responsibility to check that your use of the data is permitted by them, and to credit the sources correctly. ## Advanced download options - Catalog page: - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/ - Energy dataset - Links to the latest data. They always give you the newest release: - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/owid_energy.csv - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/owid_energy.xlsx - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/owid_energy.parquet - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/owid_energy.codebook.csv - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/owid_energy.sources.csv - Links to this version (2026-09-10). They keep pointing at this version after newer releases: - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/owid_energy.csv - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/owid_energy.parquet - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/owid_energy.feather - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/owid_energy.meta.json - Column mapping - Links to the latest data. They always give you the newest release: - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/column_mapping.csv - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/column_mapping.xlsx - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/column_mapping.parquet - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/column_mapping.codebook.csv - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/energy/owid_energy/column_mapping.sources.csv - Links to this version (2026-09-10). They keep pointing at this version after newer releases: - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/column_mapping.csv - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/column_mapping.parquet - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/column_mapping.feather - https://catalog.ourworldindata.org/garden/energy/2026-09-10/owid_energy/column_mapping.meta.json - Source code: - https://github.com/owid/etl/tree/master/etl/steps/data/garden/energy/2026-09-10/