{
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            "name": "CC0",
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          }
        }
      ]
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          }
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          }
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            "name": "CC0",
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          }
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          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
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          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
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          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
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          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
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          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
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          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
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          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
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          }
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          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
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          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
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          "citation_full": "- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform: percentiles [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.\n- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
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          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
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      ]
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      "origins": [
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          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
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          "citation_full": "- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform: percentiles [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.\n- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
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          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
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          }
        }
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          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
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          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "palma_ratio": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "s80_s20_ratio": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "p90_p10_ratio": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "p90_p50_ratio": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "p50_p10_ratio": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "bottom50_share": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "middle40_share": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "top90_99_share": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        },
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP): Percentiles",
          "description": "The _Poverty and Inequality Platform: Percentiles_ database reports 100 points ranked according to the consumption or income distributions for country-year survey data available in the World Bank\u2019s [Poverty and Inequality Platform](https://pip.worldbank.org/home) (PIP). As of September 2026, a total of 2,588 country-year data points, which include 2,407 distributions based on microdata, [binned data](https://datanalytics.worldbank.org/PIP-Methodology/acquiring.html#selection), or imputed/synthetic data, and 181 based on [grouped data](https://datanalytics.worldbank.org/PIP-Methodology/acquiring.html#grouped). For the grouped data, the percentiles are derived by fitting a parametric Lorenz distribution following [Datt (1998)](https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/94862/). For ease of communication, all distributions are referred to as survey data henceforth, and the welfare variable is referred to as income.\n\nWe complement the original country files available in [World Bank's Databank](https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646/_poverty_and_inequality_platform_pip_percentiles) with regional percentile distributions, which we build from the World Bank's [1000 Binned Global Distribution](https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0064304) file (2021 PPP).",
          "citation_full": "- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform: percentiles [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.\n- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "Version 17",
          "url_main": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646/_poverty_and_inequality_platform_pip_percentiles",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646/_poverty_and_inequality_platform_pip_percentiles"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "top1_share": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP): Percentiles",
          "description": "The _Poverty and Inequality Platform: Percentiles_ database reports 100 points ranked according to the consumption or income distributions for country-year survey data available in the World Bank\u2019s [Poverty and Inequality Platform](https://pip.worldbank.org/home) (PIP). As of September 2026, a total of 2,588 country-year data points, which include 2,407 distributions based on microdata, [binned data](https://datanalytics.worldbank.org/PIP-Methodology/acquiring.html#selection), or imputed/synthetic data, and 181 based on [grouped data](https://datanalytics.worldbank.org/PIP-Methodology/acquiring.html#grouped). For the grouped data, the percentiles are derived by fitting a parametric Lorenz distribution following [Datt (1998)](https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/94862/). For ease of communication, all distributions are referred to as survey data henceforth, and the welfare variable is referred to as income.\n\nWe complement the original country files available in [World Bank's Databank](https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646/_poverty_and_inequality_platform_pip_percentiles) with regional percentile distributions, which we build from the World Bank's [1000 Binned Global Distribution](https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0064304) file (2021 PPP).",
          "citation_full": "- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform: percentiles [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.\n- World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "Version 17",
          "url_main": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646/_poverty_and_inequality_platform_pip_percentiles",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646/_poverty_and_inequality_platform_pip_percentiles"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "mld": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
          "date_published": "2026-09-22",
          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "polarization": {
      "origins": [
        {
          "producer": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform",
          "title": "World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)",
          "description": "The Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) is an interactive computational tool that offers users quick access to the World Bank\u2019s estimates of poverty, inequality, and shared prosperity. PIP provides a comprehensive view of global, regional, and country-level trends for over 170 economies around the world.",
          "citation_full": "World Bank (2026). Poverty and Inequality Platform (version 20260922_2021 and 20260922_2017) [Data set]. World Bank Group. https://pip.worldbank.org/.",
          "version_producer": "20260922_2021, 20260922_2017",
          "url_main": "https://pip.worldbank.org",
          "date_accessed": "2026-09-22",
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          "license": {
            "name": "CC0",
            "url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0063646"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}