Energy dataset

Country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Our World in Data – Regions (2023)

Year of observation.

This data is based on the following sources

• Our World in Data – Regions (2023)

ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 three-letter country code. Empty for regions and other aggregates.

This data is based on the following sources

• International Organization for Standardization – ISO 3166 Country Codes (2023)

Population of the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Population based on various sources (2024)

Total real gross domestic product, adjusted for inflation and differences in the cost of living between countries.

What you should know about this indicator

• The Maddison Project Database is based on the work of many researchers who have produced estimates of economic growth and population for individual countries. The full list of sources for this historical data is given in the original dataset.
• Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the total value added from the production of goods and services in a country or region each year.
• This indicator provides information on economic growth and income levels in the very long run. Some country estimates are available as far back as 1 CE, and regional estimates as far back as 1820 CE.
• This data is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries.
• This data is expressed in international-$ at 2011 prices, using a combination of 2011 and 1990 PPPs for historical data.
• Time series for former countries and territories are calculated forward by estimating values based on their last official borders.
• For more regularly updated estimates of GDP per capita since 1990, see the World Bank's indicator.

This data is based on the following sources

• Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel (including sustainable aviation fuels). Volumes have been adjusted for energy content.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Excludes coal converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, but includes coal consumed in transformation processes. Differences between these consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of coal supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Percentage change in coal production relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Includes coal produced for Coal-to-Liquids and Coal-to-Gas transformations.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020)

Change in coal production relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• National Infrastructure Commission – UK historical energy data (2020)

Greenhouse gases emitted per unit of generated electricity, measured in grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)

Measured in megatonnes of CO₂ equivalents.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Total electricity generated in each country or region, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Electricity imports minus exports, measured as a percentage of total electricity demand in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy of the UK – UK's historical electricity data (2023)

Electricity imports minus exports, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy of the UK – UK's historical electricity data (2023)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. The difference between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics is due to variations in stocks at storage facilities and liquefaction plants, together with unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of gas supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Percentage change in gas production relative to the previous year. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation.

How is this data described by its producer?

Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Change in gas production relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured in terawatt-hours. Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Inland demand plus international aviation and marine bunkers and refinery fuel and loss. Consumption of biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel are excluded while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included. Differences between these world consumption figures and world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, consumption of non-petroleum additives and substitute fuels and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement or conversion of oil supply and demand data.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Percentage change in oil production relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands, condensates (lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining) and NGLs (natural gas liquids - ethane, LPG and naphtha separated from the production of natural gas). Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biofuels and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas. This also excludes liquid fuel adjustment factors such as refinery processing gain. Excludes oil shales/kerogen extracted in solid form.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Change in oil production relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Includes crude oil, condensates, natural gas liquids, and other liquid fuels.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured in terawatt-hours. Includes crude oil, condensates, natural gas liquids, and other liquid fuels.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Etemad & Luciani – World Energy Production 1800–1985 (1991)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per international-$ of GDP.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)
• Bolt and van Zanden – Maddison Project Database 2023

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

In this review, energy supply comprises commercially-traded fuels, including modern renewables used to generate electricity. Energy from non-fossil fuel combustible electricity generation is accounted for on their input heat requirements and non-combustible renewables on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours per person.

What you should know about this indicator

Per capita figures are calculated by dividing total values by the population of the country or region. Population data is constructed by Our World in Data, based on various sources.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)
• Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK – UK electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020 (2023)

Measured in terawatt-hours.

This data is based on the following sources

• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026)
• Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026)
• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Pinto et al. – Global historical electricity (2023)

Percentage change in total energy supply relative to the previous year.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Change in total energy supply relative to the previous year, measured in terawatt-hours.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)

Measured in kilowatt-hours of total energy supply per person.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• Population based on various sources (2024)

Measured as a percentage of total energy supply.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)
• U.S. Energy Information Administration – International Energy Data (2026)

Measured in terawatt-hours of total energy supply.

How is this data described by its producer?

Based on gross generation and not accounting for cross-border electricity supply. Energy from non-combustible renewable generation is accounted for on the energy content of their gross electrical output. See https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review for more details on this methodology.

This data is based on the following sources

• Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026)
• Smil – Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives (2017)

The Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy analyses data on world energy markets from the prior year.

Producer: Energy Institute
Published: 2026-06-30
Retrieved on: 2026-07-02
Retrieved from: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review/

Citation: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2026).

This dataset contains yearly electricity generation, capacity, emissions, imports and demand data for European countries.

You can find more about Ember's methodology in this document.

Producer: Ember
Published: 2026-04-21
Retrieved on: 2026-04-24
Retrieved from: https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/
Download: https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/europe_yearly_full_release_long_format.csv

Citation: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data Europe (2026). Most of the data is taken from the European Commission's Eurostat annual data.

This dataset contains yearly electricity generation, capacity, emissions, import and demand data for over 200 geographies.

You can find more about Ember's methodology in this document.

Producer: Ember
Published: 2026-04-21
Retrieved on: 2026-04-24
Retrieved from: https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/
Download: https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/yearly_full_release_long_format.csv

Citation: Ember – Yearly Electricity Data (2026). The data is collected from multi-country datasets (EIA, Eurostat, Energy Institute, UN) as well as national sources (e.g China data from the National Bureau of Statistics).

Producer: Smil
Published: 2017-01-01
Retrieved on: 2023-12-12
Retrieved from: https://vaclavsmil.com/book/energy-transitions-global-and-national-perspectives-second-expanded-and-updated-edition/

Citation: Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives, 2nd edition, Appendix A, Vaclav Smil (2017).

Global historical electricity, from 1900 to 2017. The data was extracted from the supplementary materials of Pinto et al. (2023), "The rise and stall of world electricity efficiency:1900–2017, results and insights for the renewables transition".

Producer: Pinto et al.
Published: 2023-04-15
Retrieved on: 2026-02-06
Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.126775

Citation: Ricardo Pinto, Sofia T. Henriques, Paul E. Brockway, Matthew Kuperus Heun, Tânia Sousa, The rise and stall of world electricity efficiency:1900–2017, results and insights for the renewables transition, Energy, Volume 269, 2023, 126775, ISSN 0360-5442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.126775.

Our World in Data builds and maintains a long-run dataset on population by country, region, and for the world, based on various sources.

You can find more information on these sources and how our time series is constructed on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources

Producer: Various sources
Published: 2024-07-15
Retrieved on: 2026-03-31
Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources

Citation: The long-run data on population is based on various sources, described on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources

Estimated annual time series of the United Kingdom's electricity generation capacity and electricity generation by fuel, from 1920 to 2020, published as a special feature article of DESNZ's Energy Trends (June 2023).

Generation by fuel was not reported in the UK's official energy statistics (DUKES) before 1996. For earlier years, DESNZ estimated it from the historical series of electricity supplied and fuel input, using average generation efficiencies and average electricity used in generation by fuel, taken from DUKES 1996-2015. The data are experimental statistics and may be revised.

Producer: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK
Published: 2023-06-29
Retrieved on: 2026-09-01
Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-trends-june-2023-special-feature-article-uk-electricity-capacity-and-generation-by-fuel-between-1920-and-2020
Download: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/649c1c09b4d6ef000c039065/UK_Electricity_capacity_and_generation_by_fuel_between_1920_and_2020.xlsx

Citation: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of the UK (DESNZ) – UK Electricity capacity and generation by fuel between 1920 and 2020. Energy Trends special feature article (2023).

Producer: U.S. Energy Information Administration
Published: 2026-05-05
Retrieved on: 2026-05-05
Retrieved from: https://www.eia.gov/opendata/bulkfiles.php
Download: https://api.eia.gov/bulk/INTL.zip

Citation: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – International Energy Data (2026).

Historical estimates of world energy production, broken down by fuel (coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydroelectricity, geothermal energy and peat) and reported in million tonnes of oil equivalent.

The book covers 1800 to 1985. This snapshot is the machine-readable version released by The Shift Project through The Shift Data Portal, with the agreement of B. Etemad, which covers 1900 to 1979 for 127 countries, alongside regional and other aggregates.

Producer: Etemad & Luciani
Published: 1991
Retrieved on: 2026-07-07
Retrieved from: https://www.droz.org/product/9782600560078
Download: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dataforgoodfr/shiftdataportal/b69de961ce4beb010661b444b6030fc14b6b9b24/server/data/WORLD_ENERGY_HISTORY_primary_energy_prod.csv

Citation: Etemad, B. and Luciani, J. (1991). World Energy Production 1800-1985 / Production mondiale d'énergie, 1800-1985. Edited by P. Bairoch and J.-C. Toutain. Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale 7. Geneva: Librairie Droz. ISBN 9782600560078. Machine-readable version published by The Shift Project (The Shift Data Portal), with the agreement of B. Etemad.

A historical energy data set for the United Kingdom, compiled by Roger Fouquet (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science) for the National Infrastructure Commission (NIC). It brings together long-run time series on the UK's energy consumption, energy prices and carbon dioxide emissions, spanning as far back as 1700.

The long-run coal series combines historical estimates from M.W. Flinn's and R. Church's volumes of "The History of the British Coal Industry" (covering 1700-1830 and 1830-1913 respectively) with the official "Historical coal data" published by the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS), which covers 1853 to 2018.

Producer: National Infrastructure Commission
Published: 2020-10-02
Retrieved on: 2026-07-02
Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20250323165206/https://nic.org.uk/data/all-data/historic-energy/
Download: https://web.archive.org/web/20240812215702id_/https://nic.org.uk/app/uploads/Historical-Energy-Data-Final-Dataset.xlsx

Citation: Fouquet, R. (2020). A historical energy data set for the UK. National Infrastructure Commission. Version 1, finalized on 31 March 2020, based on the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2019 with historical extension. Prepared by Roger Fouquet (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science).

Producer: Our World in Data
Published: 2023-01-01
Retrieved from: https://ourworldindata.org/world-region-map-definitions

The Maddison Project Database provides information on comparative economic growth and income levels over the very long run. The 2023 version of this database covers 169 countries and the period up to 2022. The new estimates are presented and discussed in Bolt and Van Zanden (2024), "Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41.

Producer: Bolt and van Zanden
Published: 2024-04-26
Retrieved on: 2024-04-26
Retrieved from: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023
Download: https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302

Citation: - Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024), "Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618. - The Maddison Project Database builds on the efforts of many researchers who have carefully reconstructed historical data on economic growth and population for individual countries. You can find the full list of sources in the original dataset.

The historical electricity data in the United Kingdom comes from the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES), published by the UK's Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS).

Producer: Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy of the UK
Published: 2023-07-27
Retrieved on: 2023-12-12
Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/historical-electricity-data
Download: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/64c104811e10bf000d17cf1e/Electricity_since_1920.xlsx

Citation: The historical electricity data in the United Kingdom (2023) comes from the Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES), published by the UK's Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS).

Producer: International Organization for Standardization
Published: 2023-01-01
Retrieved from: https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html

Name of the column in the current release.

Name of the column in the release before 2026-09-10.